What does the ECU (Engine Control Unit) manage in a vehicle?

The Engine Control Unit (ECU) plays a crucial role in managing engine performance by overseeing numerous aspects like fuel injection and ignition timing. It processes data from various sensors within the engine and makes real-time adjustments to optimize performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions. For instance, when the ECU receives signals indicating engine load or temperature, it alters the timing of the ignition process or adjusts the quantity of fuel injected into the combustion chambers. This precise control allows for smoother operation, better power delivery, and adherence to emissions standards.

Other options, while important components of a vehicle, do not fall under the direct purview of the ECU. Wheel alignment adjustments are typically managed through mechanical and suspension systems. Overall vehicle structural integrity is maintained through design and materials used in the vehicle's construction and is not a function of the ECU. Battery maintenance and monitoring are generally handled by the vehicle's charging system, including the alternator and battery management systems, rather than the ECU itself.